SPOJ – YODANESS – Yodaness Level

Problem link: SPOJ – YODANESS – Yodaness Level

Solution :  This problem is of relatively easy logic as a BIT problem. About like the logic of the problem SPOJ – Inversion Count. But do not compare with that. Because the logic is not same but the concept is about similar. So you have to catch the concept by yourself in pen n paper, you will get your simple logic 🙂

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define pf                  printf
#define sf(a)               scanf("%d",&a)
#define sfl(a)              scanf("%lld",&a)
#define sff(a,b)            scanf("%d %d",&a,&b)
#define sffl(a,b)           scanf("%lld %lld",&a,&b)
#define sfff(a,b,c)         scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c)
#define sfffl(a,b,c)        scanf("%lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c)
#define sffff(a,b,c,d)      scanf("%d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sffffl(a,b,c,d)     scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sfffff(a,b,c,d,e)   scanf("%d %d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfffffl(a,b,c,d,e)  scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfc(a)              scanf("%c",&a)
#define ms(a,b)             memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define pb(a)               push_back(a)
#define db                  double
#define ll                  long long
#define ull                 unsigned long long
#define pii                 pair<int,int>
#define ff                  first
#define ss                  second
#define sz(x)               (int)x.size()
#define all(x)              x.begin(),x.end()
#define CIN                 ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0)
#define max3(a, b, c)       max(a, b) > max(b, c) ? max(a, b) : max(b, c)
#define min3(a, b, c)       min(a, b) < min(b, c) ? min(a, b) : min(b, c)
#define for0(i,n)           for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define for1(i,n)           for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define forrev(i,n)         for(int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
#define forab(i,a,b)        for(int i=a;i<=b;i++)
#define forba(i,b,a)        for(int i=b;i>=a;i--)
#define stlloop(x)          for(__typeof(x.begin()) it=x.begin();it!=x.end();it++)
#define gcd(a, b)           __gcd(a, b)
#define lcm(a, b)           ((a)*((b)/gcd(a,b)))
#define case1(z)            cout<<"Case "<<z<<": "
#define case2(z)            printf("Case %d: ",z)
#define PI                  acos(-1) //3.14159265358979323846264338328
#define valid(tx,ty)        tx>=0 && tx<row && ty>=0 && ty<col
#define intlim              2147483648
#define MAX                 100005
#define inf                 100000008

ll power(int n,int p)
{
    ll ans=1;
    for1(i,p) ans*=n;
    return ans;
}

ll m=1000001;
ll bigmod(ll n,ll p)
{
    if(p==0) return 1;
    else if(p%2==0)
    {
        ll x=(bigmod(n,p/2))%m;
        return (x*x)%m;
    }
    else return ((n%m)*(bigmod(n,p-1)%m))%m;
}


/*------------------------------Graph Moves----------------------------*/
//const int fx[]={+1,-1,+0,+0};
//const int fy[]={+0,+0,+1,-1};
//const int fx[]={+0,+0,+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1};   // Kings Move
//const int fy[]={-1,+1,+0,+0,+1,+1,-1,-1};  // Kings Move
//const int fx[]={-2, -2, -1, -1,  1,  1,  2,  2};  // Knights Move
//const int fy[]={-1,  1, -2,  2, -2,  2, -1,  1}; // Knights Move
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

using namespace std;

ll tree[30004],input[30004];
map<string,int> mp;
vector<string> v;

ll query(ll idx)
{
    ll sum=0;
    while(idx>0)
    {
        sum+=tree[idx];
        idx-= idx & (-idx);
    }
    return sum;
}

void update(ll idx,ll val, int n)
{
    while(idx<=n)
    {
        tree[idx]+=val;
        idx+=idx&(-idx);
    }
}

int main()
{
    CIN;
//    freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
//    freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
    int t;
    cin>>t;
    for1(z,t)
    {
        int n,c=0;
        cin>>n;
        string s,ss,str;
        for1(i,n)
        {
            cin>>s;
            v.pb(s);
        }
        for1(i,n)
        {
            cin>>s;
            c++;
            mp[s]=c;
        }
        for0(i,sz(v)) {input[i+1]=mp[v[i]];}
        ll ans=0;
        for1(i,n)
        {
            update(input[i],1,n);
            ll x=query(input[i]-1);
            ans+=(input[i]-x-1);
        }
        cout<<ans<<endl;
        mp.clear();
        v.clear();
        ms(tree,0);
    }

    return 0;
}

Light OJ – 1085 – All Possible Increasing Subsequences

Problem Link: Light OJ – 1085 – All Possible Increasing Subsequences

Solution Hint: 

This problem can be solved by both BIT and Segment tree. I have applied BIT here. You can read the blog  here to have a better understanding… Here solution hint is given somewhat but you have to do the code.

The most crutial part is how we deal with repeated values !! I request you please do some pen n paper work regarding this n brainstorm yourself that how you will deal with that. If you find a reasonable way, do accordingly, if that works, congratzz!! 😀 if not, no matter, you are probably puzzling things, but one great hint is – there can be many ways to sort it out n it’s easy, believe  me 🙂

Now you can see my code.

I have just subtracted the repeated values elements from my cummulative sum… because, here we are running query for index [i-1] for each i , that is for each element in the vector that is ended woth that element in the resultant subsequence. So of course it’s not a valid subsequence to end with repeated value !!

And the subtraction is less complicated because guess !! I have already sorted the vector on which I am running queries !! So there is no chance of calculating a index which is greater that the next index !! Because the STL sort function automatically sort a vector with pair firstly according to first elements from lower to higher, then if first elements are equal, then by second elements from lower to higher values.

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define pf                  printf
#define sf(a)               scanf("%d",&a)
#define sfl(a)              scanf("%lld",&a)
#define sff(a,b)            scanf("%d %d",&a,&b)
#define sffl(a,b)           scanf("%lld %lld",&a,&b)
#define sfff(a,b,c)         scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c)
#define sfffl(a,b,c)        scanf("%lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c)
#define sffff(a,b,c,d)      scanf("%d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sffffl(a,b,c,d)     scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sfffff(a,b,c,d,e)   scanf("%d %d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfffffl(a,b,c,d,e)  scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfc(a)              scanf("%c",&a)
#define pii                 pair<int,int>
#define ms(a,b)             memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define pb(a)               push_back(a)
#define pbp(a,b)            push_back({a,b})
#define db                  double
#define ft                  float
#define ll                  long long
#define ull                 unsigned long long
#define pii                 pair<int,int>
#define ff                  first
#define ss                  second
#define sz(x)               x.size()
#define all(x)              x.begin(),x.end()
#define CIN                 ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0)
#define max3(a, b, c)       max(a, b) > max(b, c) ? max(a, b) : max(b, c)
#define min3(a, b, c)       min(a, b) < min(b, c) ? min(a, b) : min(b, c)
#define for0(i,n)           for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define for1(i,n)           for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define forrev(i,n)         for(int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
#define forab(i,a,b)        for(int i=a;i<=b;i++)
#define forba(i,b,a)        for(int i=b;i>=a;i--)
#define stlloop(x)          for(__typeof(x.begin()) it=x.begin();it!=x.end();it++)
#define gcd(a, b)           __gcd(a, b)
#define lcm(a, b)           ((a)*((b)/gcd(a,b)))
#define case1(z)            cout<<"Case "<<z<<": "
#define case2(z)            printf("Case %d: ",z)
#define PI                  acos(-1) //3.14159265358979323846264338328
#define valid(tx,ty)        tx>=0 && tx<row && ty>=0 && ty<col
#define intlim              2147483648
#define MAX                 200005
#define inf                 100000008

/*------------------------------Graph Moves----------------------------*/
//const int fx[]={+1,-1,+0,+0};
//const int fy[]={+0,+0,+1,-1};
//const int fx[]={+0,+0,+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1};   // Kings Move
//const int fy[]={-1,+1,+0,+0,+1,+1,-1,-1};  // Kings Move
//const int fx[]={-2, -2, -1, -1,  1,  1,  2,  2};  // Knights Move
//const int fy[]={-1,  1, -2,  2, -2,  2, -1,  1}; // Knights Move
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

using namespace std;

ll tree[100005],m=1000000007;
vector<pair<ll,ll> > v;

ll query(ll idx)
{
    ll sum=0;
    while(idx>0)
    {
        sum=((sum%m)+(tree[idx]%m))%m;
        idx-=idx & (-idx);
    }
    return sum;
}

void update(ll idx,ll val,ll n)
{
    while(idx<=n)
    {
        tree[idx]=((tree[idx]%m)+(val%m))%m;
        idx+=idx & (-idx);
    }
}

int main()
{
    //CIN;
//    freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
//    freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
    int t;
    sf(t);
    for1(z,t)
    {
        int n;
        sf(n);
        for1(i,n)
        {
            ll x;sfl(x);
            v.pb(make_pair(x,i));
        }
        sort(all(v));
        ll sum,ans=0,x=-inf,k;
        for0(i,sz(v))
        {
            sum=(1+query(v[i].ss-1))%m;
            if(v[i].ff!=x)
            {
                k=sum;
                x=v[i].ff;
            }
            else
            {
                sum-=k;
                k=(k%m+sum%m)%m;
            }
            update(v[i].ss,sum,n);
            ans=(ans%m+sum%m)%m;
        }
        case2(z);
        pf("%lld\n",ans);
        ms(tree,0);
        v.clear();
    }
    return 0;
}

SPOJ – INVCNT – Inversion Count

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define pf                  printf
#define sf(a)               scanf("%d",&a)
#define sfl(a)              scanf("%lld",&a)
#define sff(a,b)            scanf("%d %d",&a,&b)
#define sffl(a,b)           scanf("%lld %lld",&a,&b)
#define sfff(a,b,c)         scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c)
#define sfffl(a,b,c)        scanf("%lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c)
#define sffff(a,b,c,d)      scanf("%d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sffffl(a,b,c,d)     scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sfffff(a,b,c,d,e)   scanf("%d %d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfffffl(a,b,c,d,e)  scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfc(a)              scanf("%c",&a)
#define pii                 pair<int,int>
#define ms(a,b)             memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define pb(a)               push_back(a)
#define pbp(a,b)            push_back({a,b})
#define db                  double
#define ft                  float
#define ll                  long long
#define ull                 unsigned long long
#define pii                 pair<int,int>
#define ff                  first
#define ss                  second
#define sz(x)               x.size()
#define all(x)              x.begin(),x.end()
#define CIN                 ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0)
#define max3(a, b, c)       max(a, b) > max(b, c) ? max(a, b) : max(b, c)
#define min3(a, b, c)       min(a, b) < min(b, c) ? min(a, b) : min(b, c)
#define for0(i,n)           for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define for1(i,n)           for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define forrev(i,n)         for(int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
#define forab(i,a,b)        for(int i=a;i<=b;i++)
#define forba(i,b,a)        for(int i=b;i>=a;i--)
#define stlloop(x)          for(__typeof(x.begin()) it=x.begin();it!=x.end();it++)
#define gcd(a, b)           __gcd(a, b)
#define lcm(a, b)           ((a)*((b)/gcd(a,b)))
#define case1(z)            cout<<"Case "<<z<<": "
#define case2(z)            printf("Case %d:\n",z)
#define PI                  acos(-1) //3.14159265358979323846264338328
#define valid(tx,ty)        tx>=0 && tx<row && ty>=0 && ty<col
#define intlim              2147483648
#define MAX                 200005
#define inf                 100000008

/*------------------------------Graph Moves----------------------------*/
//const int fx[]={+1,-1,+0,+0};
//const int fy[]={+0,+0,+1,-1};
//const int fx[]={+0,+0,+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1};   // Kings Move
//const int fy[]={-1,+1,+0,+0,+1,+1,-1,-1};  // Kings Move
//const int fx[]={-2, -2, -1, -1,  1,  1,  2,  2};  // Knights Move
//const int fy[]={-1,  1, -2,  2, -2,  2, -1,  1}; // Knights Move
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

using namespace std;

ll input[200005],tree[10000007];

ll query(ll idx)
{
    ll sum=0;
    while(idx>0)
    {
        sum+=tree[idx];
        idx-=idx & (-idx);
    }
    return sum;
}

void update(ll idx,ll val,int n)
{
    while(idx<=n)
    {
        tree[idx]+=val;
        idx+=idx & (-idx);
    }
}

int main()
{
    //CIN;
//    freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
//    freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
    int t,x,y;
    sf(t);
    for1(z,t)
    {
        int n;
        sf(n);
        for1(i,n) sfl(input[i]);
        ll maxi=*max_element(input,input+n);
        ll sum=0;
        forba(i,n,1)
        {
            update(input[i],1,maxi);
            sum+=(query(input[i-1]));
        }
        pf("%lld\n",sum);
        ms(tree,0);
    }
    return 0;
}

Light OJ – 1112 – Curious Robin Hood

Problem Link:

http://lightoj.com/volume_showproblem.php?problem=1112

Solution:

This problem can be solved by both Segment tree and BIT

1. Code applying Segment Tree:

/// 1. By applying Segment Tree ///
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define pf                  printf
#define sf(a)               scanf("%d",&a)
#define sfl(a)              scanf("%lld",&a)
#define sff(a,b)            scanf("%d %d",&a,&b)
#define sffl(a,b)           scanf("%lld %lld",&a,&b)
#define sfff(a,b,c)         scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c)
#define sfffl(a,b,c)        scanf("%lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c)
#define sffff(a,b,c,d)      scanf("%d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sffffl(a,b,c,d)     scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sfffff(a,b,c,d,e)   scanf("%d %d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfffffl(a,b,c,d,e)  scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfc(a)              scanf("%c",&a)
#define ms(a,b)             memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define pb(a)               push_back(a)
#define pbp(a,b)            push_back({a,b})
#define db                  double
#define ft                  float
#define ll                  long long
#define ull                 unsigned long long
#define ff                  first
#define ss                  second
#define sz(x)               x.size()
#define qu                  queue
#define pqu                 priority_queue
#define vc                  vector
#define vi                  vector<int>
#define vll                 vector<long long>
#define pii                 pair<int,int>
#define pis                 pair<int,string>
#define psi                 pair<string,int>
#define all(x)              x.begin(),x.end()
#define CIN                 ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0)
#define max3(a, b, c)       max(a, b) > max(b, c) ? max(a, b) : max(b, c)
#define min3(a, b, c)       min(a, b) < min(b, c) ? min(a, b) : min(b, c)
#define for0(i,n)          for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define for1(i,n)          for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define forcmp(i,n)        for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
#define forrev(i,n)        for(int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
#define forab(i,a,b)       for(int i=a;i<=b;i++)
#define forba(i,b,a)       for(int i=b;i>=a;i--)
#define stlloop(x)          for(__typeof(x.begin()) it=x.begin();it!=x.end();it++)
#define gcd(a, b)           __gcd(a, b)
#define lcm(a, b)           ((a)*((b)/gcd(a,b)))
#define case1(z)            cout<<"Case "<<z<<": "
#define case2(z)            printf("Case %d:\n",z)
#define PI                  acos(-1) //3.14159265358979323846264338328
#define valid(tx,ty)        tx>=0 && tx<row && ty>=0 && ty<col
#define intlim              2147483648
#define MAX                 1000000
#define inf                 100000000
#define mx                  100005

/*------------------------------Graph Moves----------------------------*/
//const int fx[]={+1,-1,+0,+0};
//const int fy[]={+0,+0,+1,-1};
//const int fx[]={+0,+0,+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1};   // Kings Move
//const int fy[]={-1,+1,+0,+0,+1,+1,-1,-1};  // Kings Move
//const int fx[]={-2, -2, -1, -1,  1,  1,  2,  2};  // Knights Move
//const int fy[]={-1,  1, -2,  2, -2,  2, -1,  1}; // Knights Move
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

using namespace std;

ll input[mx],tree[3*mx];

void build(int node,int low,int high)
{
    if(low==high)
    {
        tree[node]=input[low];
        return;
    }
    int mid=(low+high)/2;
    int left=2*node;
    int right=2*node+1;
    build(left,low,mid);
    build(right,mid+1,high);
    tree[node]=tree[left]+tree[right];
}

ll query(int node,int low,int high,int qlow,int qhigh)
{
    if(low>qhigh || high<qlow) /// No overlap
        return 0;
    else if(low>=qlow && high<=qhigh) /// Total overlap
        return tree[node];
    int mid=(low+high)/2;
    int left=2*node;
    int right=2*node+1;
    ll l=query(left,low,mid,qlow,qhigh);
    ll r=query(right,mid+1,high,qlow,qhigh);
    return l+r;
}

void update(int node,int low,int high,int index,ll val)
{
    if(low>index || high<index) /// No overlap
        return;
    else if(low>=index && high<=index) ///Or, if(low==high) /// Total overlap
    {
        tree[node]+=val;
        return;
    }
    int mid=(low+high)/2;
    int left=2*node;
    int right=2*node+1;
    update(left,low,mid,index,val);
    update(right,mid+1,high,index,val);
    tree[node]=tree[left]+tree[right];
}


int main()
{
    //CIN;
//    freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
//    freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
    int t;
    sf(t);
    for1(z,t)
    {
        int n,q;
        sff(n,q);
        for1(i,n) sf(input[i]);
        build(1,1,n);
        case2(z);
        for1(i,q)
        {
            int mark,qlow,qhigh,val,index;
            sf(mark);
            if(mark==1)
            {
                sf(index);
                index++;
                int a=query(1,1,n,index,index);
                pf("%d\n",a);
                update(1, 1, n, index, -a);
            }
            else if(mark==2)
            {
                sff(index,val);
                index++;
                update(1, 1, n, index, val);
            }
            else
            {
                sff(qlow,qhigh);
                qlow++,qhigh++;
                pf("%lld\n",query(1, 1, n, qlow,qhigh));
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

Code applying BIT:

/// 2. Applying BIT ///

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define pf                  printf
#define sf(a)               scanf("%d",&a)
#define sfl(a)              scanf("%lld",&a)
#define sff(a,b)            scanf("%d %d",&a,&b)
#define sffl(a,b)           scanf("%lld %lld",&a,&b)
#define sfff(a,b,c)         scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c)
#define sfffl(a,b,c)        scanf("%lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c)
#define sffff(a,b,c,d)      scanf("%d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sffffl(a,b,c,d)     scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d)
#define sfffff(a,b,c,d,e)   scanf("%d %d %d %d %d",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfffffl(a,b,c,d,e)  scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e)
#define sfc(a)              scanf("%c",&a)
#define pii                 pair<int,int>
#define ms(a,b)             memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define pb(a)               push_back(a)
#define pbp(a,b)            push_back({a,b})
#define db                  double
#define ft                  float
#define ll                  long long
#define ull                 unsigned long long
#define pii                 pair<int,int>
#define ff                  first
#define ss                  second
#define sz(x)               x.size()
#define all(x)              x.begin(),x.end()
#define CIN                 ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0)
#define max3(a, b, c)       max(a, b) > max(b, c) ? max(a, b) : max(b, c)
#define min3(a, b, c)       min(a, b) < min(b, c) ? min(a, b) : min(b, c)
#define for0(i,n)           for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define for1(i,n)           for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define forrev(i,n)         for(int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
#define forab(i,a,b)        for(int i=a;i<=b;i++)
#define forba(i,b,a)        for(int i=b;i>=a;i--)
#define stlloop(x)          for(__typeof(x.begin()) it=x.begin();it!=x.end();it++)
#define gcd(a, b)           __gcd(a, b)
#define lcm(a, b)           ((a)*((b)/gcd(a,b)))
#define case1(z)            cout<<"Case "<<z<<": "
#define case2(z)            printf("Case %d:\n",z)
#define PI                  acos(-1) //3.14159265358979323846264338328
#define valid(tx,ty)        tx>=0 && tx<row && ty>=0 && ty<col
#define intlim              2147483648
#define MAX                 100005
#define inf                 100000008

/*------------------------------Graph Moves----------------------------*/
//const int fx[]={+1,-1,+0,+0};
//const int fy[]={+0,+0,+1,-1};
//const int fx[]={+0,+0,+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1};   // Kings Move
//const int fy[]={-1,+1,+0,+0,+1,+1,-1,-1};  // Kings Move
//const int fx[]={-2, -2, -1, -1,  1,  1,  2,  2};  // Knights Move
//const int fy[]={-1,  1, -2,  2, -2,  2, -1,  1}; // Knights Move
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

using namespace std;

ll input[MAX],tree[MAX];

ll query(int idx)
{
    ll sum=0;
    while(idx>0)
    {
        sum+=tree[idx];
        idx-=idx & (-idx);
    }
    return sum;
}

void update(int idx,ll val,int n)
{
    while(idx<=n)
    {
        tree[idx]+=val;
        idx+=idx & (-idx);
    }
}

int main()
{
    //CIN;
//    freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
//    freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
    int t,x,y;
    sf(t);
    for1(z,t)
    {
        case2(z);
        int n,q,x,idx,qlow,qhigh;
        ll val;
        sff(n,q);
        for1(i,n)
        {
            sfl(input[i]);
            update(i,input[i],n);
        }
        for1(i,q)
        {
            sf(x);
            if(x==1)
            {
                sf(idx);
                idx++;
                pf("%lld\n",input[idx]);
                update(idx,-input[idx],n);
                input[idx]=0;
            }
            else if(x==2)
            {
                sf(idx);
                sfl(val);
                idx++;
                update(idx,val,n);
                input[idx]+=val;
            }
            else
            {
                sff(qlow,qhigh);
                qlow++;
                qhigh++;
                pf("%lld\n",query(qhigh)-query(qlow-1));
            }
        }
        ms(tree,0);
    }
    return 0;
}